Que pensez-vous que dirait un manager type si vous lui affirmiez que ses employés ne discutent pas ensemble et qu’ils ne manifestent pas une interaction sociale suffisante pendant leur travail ?
La plupart des managers connaissent l’effet machine à café. Cependant, peu comprennent ce que signifie ce concept et à quel point il est lié à la performance et à la collaboration. Ceux qui cherchent à favoriser la collaboration et la performance doivent garder à l’esprit le simple fait que les employés ne se réunissent pas autour de la machine à café ou de la fontaine à eau uniquement pour boire un coup. Ils utilisent souvent le prétexte d’un verre d’eau ou d’une tasse de café pour prendre une pause, et le partage d’information se fait incidemment au cours de leurs interactions informelles, entre eux et, dans quelques organisations exceptionnelles, avec leurs managers.
Des études publiées cet été, concernant la performance et la collaboration en équipe, méritent en ce sens d’être regardées de près. Non pas tant pour ce qu’elles disent explicitement sur la collaboration et la performance que pour ce qu’elles impliquent au sujet de l’importance des relations sociales dans ces deux sujets.
La société de conseil RW3 a récemment publié une étude sur les équipes distribuées, rapportant que « 40 pour cent des membres d’équipes virtuelles jugent que leurs groupes sont sous-performants ». Nous avons précédemment évoqué le sujet des équipes distribuées, notant que les membres de ces équipes sont souvent en désaccord avec leurs chefs d’équipe au sujet de qui fait, et qui ne fait pas, partie de l’équipe. Michael Schell, président de RW3, a écrit dans le magazine Chief Learning Officer que, parmi les équipes étudiées, « la moitié de ces équipes ne se sont jamais rencontrées en personne… Elles n’ont pas le temps de créer entre leurs membres de quelconques relations, ce qui est très important lorsque vous travaillez sur des cultures différentes. »
Bien que la recherche de RW3 mette en lumière un point crucial des équipes distribuées, elle passe à côté du fait que reconnaître et discuter l’impact des différences culturelles sur la performance et la collaboration, tant au cours de réunions informelles en ligne que de formation, n’est pas le cœur du problème. Les membres d’équipes distribuées sont plus efficaces lorsqu’ils se comprennent l’un l’autre, autant en tant qu’individus qu’en tant qu’employés.
Spécifiquement,
La collaboration signifie apprendre que tel autre employé possède une expertise sur tel ou tel sujet, mais aussi développer une relation de proximité entre eux en partageant des symboles significatifs relatifs à soi, à sa famille, ses amis et ses activités sociales, donc en se comprenant en tant qu’individu.
Le fait d’organiser des réunions de style machine à café de façon régulière ne résout pas ce problème, notamment lorsque ces réunions sont coordonnées par le management. Comme j’ai pu l’observer dans un billet sur l’importance de l’empathie et de la collaboration dans le design du social business,
Les individus qui s’identifie l’un à l’autre sont plus à même de partager de l’information de manière proactive, sans attendre que les autres le demandent, parce qu’ils comprennent de quelle façon leur propre travail est relié à celui des autres et ils voient les flux de travail sous multiples points de vue, en dépassant les silos. Trop d’experts en suites logicielles collaboratives voient la collaboration depuis un prisme commande-et-contrôle, imaginant que les gens collaborent parce que la coordination et la collaboration font partie du descriptif de leur mission.
Une collaboration efficace requiert réellement le partage d’information proactif avec les individus concernés, et non la simple réactivité aux demandes d’information.Cela veut dire anticiper l’impact futur des actions prises sous la responsabilité d’autres employés ou partenaires, ou les besoins de clients. Les gens n’y réussissent pas bien, tant qu’ils ne voient pas les autres employés, et les clients, en tant qu’individus comme eux. Bien sûr, c’est là une des raisons pour lesquelles les réseaux sociaux gagnent en importance au fur et à mesure que la collaboration, en tant qu’activité face à face, décroit.
Des recherches récentes sur la collaboration, la performance, et la satisfaction au travail dans des équipes géographiquement unies offrent des perspectives intéressantes, lorsque l’on réfléchit à ce que les réseaux sociaux peuvent apporter à des équipes géographiquement éclatées.
Benjamin W. Waber et Alex “Sandy” Pentland du MIT Media Lab ont récemment utilisé des appareils de mesure alliant RFID et Bluetooth configurés en tant que badges sociométriques afin d’étudier les motifs de communication entre les employés de deux entreprises différentes.
La première entreprise était une société de services informatiques. En suivant les motifs de communication entre les employés mis en évidence par les données recueillies par les badges sociométriques, les chercheurs ont conclu que « l’aide apportée sous forme de cohésion sociale (le temps que les individus auxquels vous parlez passent ensemble) était associé de façon extrêmement positive à la productivité. » Les badges utilisés pour la recherche sont capables de :
La seconde entreprise était un call center pour Bank of America. Au bout de quelques semaines, les données recueillies pour la recherche montrait que les représentants du service client qui parlaient avec le plus de collègues étaient ceux qui résolvaient leurs appels le plus rapidement, se sentaient le moins stressés, et obtenaient le même taux de satisfaction que leurs pairs. « Discuter de façon informelle de problèmes et de solutions, produisait, semble-t-il, de meilleurs résultats que suivre le manuel de l’employé ou obéir aux emails d’instructions des managers. » Les résultats de la recherche du MIT ne devraient pas nous surprendre puisque de nombreuses expériences psychologiques montrent que les individus sont réticents à partager des informations incertaines ou sensibles lors de réunions formelles, spécialement lorsqu’ils pensent être les seuls à les posséder.
En tant que résultat de leurs premières découvertes, Waber et Pentland conseillaient la disposition suivante,
Une disposition simple est de donner aux travailleurs davantage d’occasion de socialiser en groupes. Nous sommes actuellement en train d’implémenter une stratégie dans un call center pour une chaine bancaire nationale, pour laquelle nous modifions la structure des pauses des employés. Auparavant, chaque employé d’une équipe d’environ 20 personnes avait une pause séparée d’environ 15 minutes, afin de réduire le besoin de reporter les appels vers d’autres équipes, alors qu’en pratique, ce problème n’est pas très important. Cela rend les relations de cohésion terriblement difficiles, puisque les groupes d’amis auront, par définition, peu d’occasion de se retrouver.
Pour multiplier ces occasions nous avons modifié la structure des pauses de deux des quatre équipes que nous avions étudiées précédemment afin que tous les employés d’une équipe prennent leur pause au même moment.
Les motifs d’interaction sociale ont changé de façon dramatique après cette intervention, et la Bank of America a rapporté des gains de productivité de l’ordre de USD 15 millions par an.

Source: MIT Media Lab
Donc, qu’est ce que ces découvertes nous montrent au sujet de l’importance des réseaux sociaux dans la collaboration et la performance des équipes géographiquement éclatées ?
Lorsqu’il a été interrogé sur la manière dont la culture de Zappos avait été affectée par sa croissance, et par l’acquisition de l’entreprise par Amazon, Tony Hsieh a répondu que sa priorité était de gérer le changement pour préserver les relations sociales dans la culture Zappos. Il a fait remarquer que l’acquisition en elle-même a posé moins de problème que la croissance propre de l’entreprise. En conséquence,
… nous avons commencé à suivre les relations entre les employés. Lorsque les employés se connectent à leur ordinateur, nous leur demandons de regarder la photo d’un employé au hasard, et leur demandons ensuite à quel point ils connaissent bien cette personne – les options disponibles sont « salue dans le couloir», « se retrouvent en-dehors du travail », et « nous sommes amis depuis longtemps ». Nous commençons à garder trace du nombre et de la longueur des relations inter-services – et nous prévoyons d’organiser un cours sur le sujet. Mon espoir est que nous puissions avoir davantage d’employés qui envisagent d’être amis.
L'élément clef soulevé par l’exemple Zappos est que l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux, lorsque celle-ci est intégrée dans l’organisation du travail, est un moyen de cultiver le partage d’expérience entre les employés, plutôt qu’un simple moyen, voire un objectif, uniquement. Atteindre ce dernier point étant, comme l’étude ci-dessus le démontre, favorisé par le partage d’expérience à travers les relations sociales.
Sans aucun doute, le développement d’un tel partage d’expérience parmi les membres d’équipes géographiquement éclatées prend plus de temps que lorsque les employés peuvent se croiser dans les couloirs ou pendant les pauses. Néanmoins, le partage d’expérience, et non le simple partage d’informations, est un point fondamental pour les réseaux sociaux sous-tendant la collaboration et les communautés. Beaucoup, sinon la plupart, des employés ne doivent pas uniquement apprendre à se connaître à travers des systèmes de réputation, tels que qui tague qui ou les évalue au regard de telle expertise. Ils doivent se sentir bien les uns avec les autres afin de développer une expérience partagée dans laquelle la confiance augmente la possibilité que l’information recherchée soit partagée, ou que cette recherche elle-même soit anticipée.
Ce simple fait concernant les individus est bien trop souvent sous-estimé.
Larry Irons est le directeur de Customers Clues, une pratique de l’Experience Design qui traduit les objectifs stratégiques des entreprises, et les besoins complexe des personnes, en expériences exceptionnelles pour ceux qui fournissent des produites ou des services ainsi qui ceux qui les consomment, que ces derniers soient des producteurs, des utilisateurs, des apprenants. Larry écrit sur le blog, Skilfulminds. Il détient un doctorat en sociologie de l'Université Washington de St. Louis, où il a été universitaire. |

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People on the front lines, doing nitty-gritty manual work, can teach us plenty about real collaboration. Two men walk into a bar... Even if they both wear...

I've written a few postings recently (notably Social Learning doesn't mean what you think it does) where I have tried to show how the fundamental changes...

In Tony’s previous post, “Tearing Down Cubicle Walls – The Rise of Social Learning In Business”, he mentioned some of the business issues driving the...

Is this your HR leader? Do companies need social media? Ever notice HR leaders shying away from this question, typically being led by the Marketing or IT...

I complete exactly 3 months at ThoughtWorks today. While this has been a momentous career shift for me, I may not have written a blog post on...

Learning professionals have long recognized that the majority of learning takes place outside the classroom, primarily because effective learning takes place contextually. An employee will...

There are two new rules for professionals with responsibilities in the generation and production of content for knowledge acquisition: Rule One: You are no longer in...

How does work really get accomplished in organizations? Work usually doesn’t get accomplished the way management sees it formally. The problem with formality is the fact...

I've recently read the post by Frédéric Domon at the Socialearning blog site. He describes in a very precise manner the origin and the consequences of the 70-20-10 approach...

The latest feedback shows that the contribution remains the question mark as to the implementation and success of an enterprise social network! Today, a rate of 20-25% of...

Our relationship with technology is changing the ways we live and work. We connect digitally with our mobile devices, social networking tools, and various computer...

I posted a while back about the way we tend to create knowledge silos in social media, giving the example below of knowledge related to BP during...

At some point in time I am sure we’ve all found ourselves with an answer staring us in the face, but we just haven’t managed...

If you haven't been hiding under a rock on the edge of Antarctica for the past few years, you've probably heard of social learning. If you've...

Is there a difference between learning and development? I ruminated over this question for a number of years as a Learning & Development professional, but without...

Forget all this talk about “Social Business”, “Social Enterprise”, “Social Organization”, “Social XYZ” – your business already is “Social” because by its very nature it...

Let us face it; we, as humans, are selfish, individualists, and undoubtedly clinging to any privileges associated with power. Goodwill and sharing among peers follow Nielsen’s...

When we think of about "Enterprise 2.0" since 2006, the year that Andrew McAfee coined the term, we see that there has been considerable experience...

In a recent post published on the Harvard blog, Bill Taylor notices the rise of the Teaching Organization, as an evolutionary step of the Learning...

No translation available Pouvons nous formaliser l’apprentissage informel ? Je vais donner mon point de vue en faisant un petit détour par le cycle de Dune...

It's likely that new start-ups in the coming decade will be intensely collaborative, but initially small and without training departments. Established organizations, large enough to...

There’s been much justifiable excitement about social media recently; are you on top of it? The recognition that learning is 80% informal suggests that we...

Ever sign up for a gym membership and not really use it that much? I know… I know this probably hasn’t happened to you. But,...

I’m still thinking about the concept of joining since I wrote my post last week Joining is Important to Social Learning. Other people have been thinking...

No translation available La formation est importante pour le fonctionnement et le développement d’une entreprise car sa mission est de développer les compétences qui lui sont...

Social media, I’m a fan. I blog, facebook and tweet daily, and love all of the additional resources and tools. But when an important social...

To benefit from social learning, build a culture that makes learning fun, productive and commonplace, a culture where learning is part of everyday work. Marcia Conner and Steve...

At the LAMS European conference I gave a talk in which I explored what we know about learning, and what I've deduced about social media. My conclusion...

Collaborative Enterprise’s blog carnival this month looks at formalizing the informal – are there ways to deliberately harness social media to foster learning without losing the...

No translation available Pour ce premier thème sur la formation dans l’entreprise, je vais aborder deux points qui me semblent importants, notamment pour les grandes entreprises...
Much has been told and written about the capital importance of knowledge in organizations, and the rise of networks-enabled enterprise emphasizes even more the role...

Productivity: The amount of output per unit of input (labor, equipment, and capital). Enterprise has for long understood, and applied, that training and education are an important part of its hunt for competitive advantages. ...

The nature of my work has changed significantly over the past few years. Some of the change is due to advances in technology while others...

In my previous role at BEA Systems/Oracle, I created and managed a Professional Services business unit for training clients on the implementation of Enterprise Portals...
a video from LAB SSJ

The latter 20th Century was the golden era of the training department. Before the 20th Century, training per se did not exist outside the special...

OK, so here’s the deal – if learning is work and work is learning, why is organizational learning controlled by a learning management systems (LMS)...

Ecollab will discuss Informal Learning. Can we formalize it? Can we Should we? How much? How? This is our own response, originally written by Harold Jarche and Jane Hart: If informal...

Simplicity and the Enterprise Most companies start simple, with a few people gathering together around an idea. For small companies, decision-making, task assignments and direct interaction...

When Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan return from patrol, they spend time relaxing together in small, tightly-knit groups and tell stories about the mission. There is...

With digital media becoming embedded in our lives, many of us will be connected to several online communities at any given time. The Web enables...

Telling people that we can “formalize informal learning” is a not so subtle way of saying, “it’s OK, you don’t have to make any fundamental...

Innovation I’ve really appreciated the many posts where Tim Kastelle and I have connected by sharing ideas. Tim says that innovation is the process of idea management, which makes...

A large portion of the workforce face significant barriers to being autonomous learners on the job. From early on we are told to look to...

“Hyperlinks subvert hierarchy“ - Article #7 of The Cluetrain Manifesto, 1999. The Net, especially working and learning in networks, subverts many of the hierarchies we have developed...

Once again, I’m learning from my colleagues, as yesterday I realized how important self-direction is in enabling social learning. Now I’m picking up on Jay’s post on Social...

Jay Cross, Chief Scientist at the Internet Time Group, is the author of Informal Learning: Rediscovering the natural pathways that inspire innovation and performance, which was...

One of the approaches to improving Customer Engagement and Experiences I’d like to explore is the potential to include customers, partners and suppliers in the Social...

From 17 to 19 November 2009 will take place one of the most important conferences devoted to trends and innovation in corporate learning. The theme of...

This White Paper provides multiple perspectives on social learning, in two languages and from various business cultures. Here, Social Learning can be viewed as the development of...

We are in the Learning Age. By using social tools, anyone can easily begin an active training course by developing its PKM. A first step in...
In my last post, I asked some questions about formalising informal learning. And answered them. If: you understand that formalising informal learning will have organisation-wide consequences you use...

In a previous instalment entitled “The Collaboration Curve”, I discussed the basic premise that over a period of time and as the use of collaboration...

Ecollab ask the question for their blog carnival: Informal learning - can we formalise it? Should we? How much? How? 1. Can we? Is it practical? Any...

At the beginning of the year, on January 2 in fact, I wrote about reciprocity. My hopes were that we’d begin using the behavior of reciprocity...

Formalizing informal learning is my research topic for writing class. It may very well be the foundation of my dissertation! Recently I posted the mind...

How do you assess whether your informal learning, social learning, continuous learning and performance support initiatives have the desired impact or if they achieve the...

No translation available Pour Thierry de Baillon, je cite « il est de plus en plus illusoire de vouloir considérer le savoir comme étant soit informel,...

When an innovation emerges, there always are two steps. The first one consists in integrating the innovation in the way we work. The second one...

Social learning — namely, the use of social media in the workplace to foster learning, collaboration, networking, knowledge sharing, and communications — has taken on...

No translation available Depuis plusieurs années, Mars a suscité l'intérêt des chercheurs. Des robots sont envoyés sur cette planète pour détecter des signes de vie et...

Is it me or does it seem that most vendors in the LMS/LCMS market still believe that with some smoke and mirrors, you won’t realize...

Quick Question: How easy is it to find another employee in your organization with a specific expertise? Let me ask the question again another way:...

Harold Jarche recently offered a framework for social learning in the enterprise to outline how the concept of social learning relates to the large-scale changes facing organizations...

The last few days in Hong Kong have been incredible -- I saw some great sights, participated in some interesting activities and backed all of...
The Social Learning is based on the sharing of knowledge between each individual people. Everyone can bring something into the knowledge pool of its colleagues. The fixed...

What do you think the typical manager might say if you told them their employees don't gossip and engage one another enough in social interaction...

I've often thought of social learning as a very culture dependent phenomenon. A few weeks back I read an interesting article by Thierry de Baillon, his...

What do we meet at the corner of Assertiveness and Cooperation? The Thomas-Kilmann assessment suggests that it's Collaboration. Their assessment, which is the basis for many others, explores different...

How do you approach working with others? What is your resonant mode? Here's my two cents: Competition - "I win if you lose." Cooperation - "I will agree...

I don’t recall having put together a blog post over here on the specific topic of capturing "Best Practices"; so after reading last Friday’s blog...

Now that I’m on a mission to merge the terms Social Business and Enterprise 2.0 and rephrase asCollaboration, I thought it would be a good...

@Ecollab asks, “Can we formalize informal learning ?” My answer, “We've been there, done that.” Except for perhaps compliance learning programs, formal learning processes are...

When we don't already know how to formalize informal learning, there's a lot to learn. We can welcome the challenge if the process of learning...

I am often puzzled by the way organizations and agencies tackle social media, as if conversational marketing and Enterprise 2.0 were living in separate worlds,...

For years training and development departments have struggled to compile the data they need to show value to their organizations. However, we will find ourselves...
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